A new study reports high levels of patient satisfaction with a minimally invasive approach to creating vascular access for kidney patients who require haemodialysis. In addition, the researchers found that nearly all the dialysis access sites, or fistulas, were still functional after two years—a significant improvement over surgically created fistulas.
The study marks the first published two-year data for any endovascular fistula procedure. It was recently published online in the Journal of Vascular Access (JVA).
The multicentre study encompassed 105 US patients who had their fistulas created with the Ellipsys vascular access system (Avenu Medical) and had at least two years of follow-up. Patients’ responses in the study emphasised the avoidance of surgery, a perceived lack of pain and improved body image when compared to patients who underwent surgery.
Haemodialysis requires access to the patient’s bloodstream, which is often created by establishing a permanent connection between an artery and a vein in the arm known as an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Instead of an open surgical procedure, the innovative Ellipsys system creates a percutaneous AVF using just a small needle puncture and catheter.
“We knew fistulas created with Ellipsys functioned well in the beginning, but patients wanted to know how long their access sites would last. Our goal was to see how many still worked after two years while capturing patients’ opinions on this innovative procedure,” said Terry Litchfield, a study co-author and president of Access Solutions. “The results were overwhelmingly positive from both a patient and clinical perspective.”
According to the survey responses, 93% of patients rated their overall satisfaction with the procedure as “excellent” or “very good”. The study authors also reported that nearly 92% of the fistulas continued to function two years after the Ellipsys procedure. In contrast, less than two-thirds of surgically created fistulas are still functional after two years.
“The dramatic difference in durability between the endovascular fistulas and the surgically created ones is striking,” said lead author Gerald Beathard, an interventional nephrologist at University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, USA). “The ability to quickly and easily create a fistula that will last a long time, without surgical trauma or the need for additional procedures, could represent a significant advance in dialysis patient care.”
The study was also co-authored by vascular surgeon William Jennings (University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA).
An AVF is the first choice for haemodialysis access because it lowers infection risk, lasts longer and costs less compared to other vascular access methods, such as central venous catheters and grafts. Until recently, the only way to create an AVF was an open surgical procedure that subjects patients to discomfort, longer recovery times and delayed dialysis.
Approved by the FDA in 2018 for patients with end-stage kidney disease, Ellipsys is the first significant innovation in haemodialysis access in over 50 years. It transforms a complex surgery into a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed in a hospital outpatient setting or ambulatory surgical centre. A faster recovery allows patients to start haemodialysis sooner. The lack of scars or disfigurement typically associated with surgical fistulas means a more normal cosmetic appearance—something the study revealed is very important to patients, Litchfield noted.
“I had no surgery—no stitches, no cuts and I was not put to sleep. I left with a band aid and went about my day,” said Theresa Torres of Mesa, USA, who underwent the Ellipsys procedure in 2015 and utilised the fistula for dialysis until her kidney transplant in 2018. “I love the fact that I have no scar on my arm. It was amazing when I would look at my fistula next to others in the dialysis unit. There was really no comparison.”
Litchfield, who has been a patient advocate in the renal community for over 30 years, said patient-reported outcomes are an important piece of the technology innovation puzzle. Relatively few device makers utilise patient perspectives in their development process, which makes both the Ellipsys technology and the two-year data even more meaningful.
“In keeping with the national Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative, this new technology gives kidney patients another choice for vascular access that has the potential to improve their quality of life,” she said. “It’s exciting to see the push for innovation in dialysis access and even more exciting that patients’ voices are being included in the process.”
